Bollettino SPI: Vol. 51 (3) 2012

A new genus and species of percoid fish, Frippia labroiformis n. gen. n. sp. from the Eocene of Pesciara di Bolca, northern Italy, is described based on three well-preserved specimens characterized by a moderately elongate body and a short and deep caudal peduncle. Frippia n. gen. exhibits a unique combination of features, including the following: weak pharyngeal apophysis of the parasphenoid; orbit with sclerotic ossifications; jaws with single series of strong conical teeth; slightly curved preopercle with smooth posterior margin; opercle devoid of spines; six branchiostegal rays; blunt and conical lower pharyngeal teeth; 26 (10+16) vertebrae; caudal skeleton with urostylar complex fused to uroneural and third and fourth hypurals, first and second hypurals fused, fifth hypural and parhypural autogenous, three epurals, autogenous haemal spines of second and third preural vertebrae, and low neural crest on second preural vertebra; caudal fin rounded with 17 principal rays and six to seven upper and five to six lower procurrent rays; predorsal formula 0/0/0+2/1+1/; continuous dorsal fin with nine spines and 14 soft rays; anal fin with three strong spines and 10 rays; pectoral fin with 15 rays; pelvic fin with one spine and five long rays, the longest reaching posteriorly to anal-fin origin; scales relatively large, thin and finely ctenoid on trunk and cycloid on head. Because of its unique combination of features Frippia n. gen. cannot be confidently assigned to any of the existing extant or fossil percoid families and it is therefore interpreted herein as incertae sedis within the Percoidei.

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Höwenegg, a late Miocene (Vallesian, MN9) vertebrate locality in the Hegau region of Southern Germany, is known for its excellently-preserved, near-complete skeletons of various large mammals. The Höwenegg hipparion, Hippotherium primigenium (von Meyer, 1829), is the second-most common mammal found at the site. Paleodietary assessment of the Höwenegg equid material from the collections of the natural history museums of Karlsruhe and Darmstadt, Germany, was undertaken using both light-microscope microwear and two methods of mesowear analysis. While the results of the microwear analysis suggest a grass-dominated mixed feeding diet, the mesowear analysis indicates a more browse-dominated mixed diet. The slight disparity of these results may be due to the consumption of relatively unabrasive C3-grasses, which might have concealed the grazing aspect in the mesowear signal. The disparity may also reflect seasonal dietary heterogeneity in Hippotherium primigenium: the mesowear signal reflects long-term dietary habits, while the microwear method records a short-term signal. While occasional fruit browsing cannot be excluded for Höwenegg Hippotherium primigenium, there is no clear evidence for this kind of dietary preference. This study for the first time tests a recently-proposed mesowear method on Central European hipparion material. For this method, cusp shape of maxillary cheek teeth is recorded as a single value rather than the two variables occlusal relief (high-low) and buccal apical cusp shape (sharp-round-blunt) used in most traditional approaches. The new score is, in contrast to earlier ranked-scale methods, determined by consulting a standard that comprises representative casts of seven stages in cusp shape, from high and sharp (0) to low and blunt (6) presented as a ruler. This method is shown to be less prone to observer bias then previous methods, thus providing data of higher repeatability.

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The genus Sangiorgioichthys is one of the few Semionotidae known from the Middle Triassic. The type species S. aldae Tintori & Lombardo, 2007 has been found in Late Ladinian marine deposits of both the Italian and Swiss sides of Monte San Giorgio. A second species, S. sui López-Arbarello et al., 2011 described from the Pelsonian (Middle Anisian) of Luoping (Yunnan, South China) has extended the range of the genus both in time and space. A further species of Sangiorgioichthys, Sangiorgioichthys valmarensis n. sp., is described herein from the Late Ladinian Kalkschieferzone (Meride Limestone) of the Monte San Giorgio area, the same unit yielding the type species. Sangiorgioichthys valmarensis n. sp. differs from the already known species in number and arrangement of suborbitals, shape of the teeth and in shape and row number of the scales. The new species of Sangiorgioichthys increases the diversity of Semionotidae already in the Middle Triassic, indicating that the explosive radiation of Semionotidae during the Norian was preceded by a first phase of diversification during the Middle Triassic.

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Annual General Meeting of the Italian Paleontological Society Main Hall of the Palace of Sciences, Corso Italia, Catania, 26 May 2012